
During the Cold War Soviet and USA had fought a war in which no battles took place. It was a Cold War, meaning that the two countries prepared for the breakout of a new war by aggressively building up their military equipment and armies. People feared that a nuclear war would happen, seeing both countries had developed nuclear weapons. Both USA and Soviet spent all their money on military expenses. Famine spread and in Soviet, people needed coupons to buy everything, even socks! Luckily, the Cold war ended when the Berlin wall fell between communist East Germany and democratic West Germany in 1990. We say that the Iron Curtain lifted. The countries that had been under the rule of Stalin and his communist USSR gradually became independent. Among these countries were Afghanistan, Moldova, Gerogia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Armenia and the Baltic States Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. By this time, Mikail Gorbachev was the leader of the communist party. He was known to be a milder leader than Stalin was and it was due to him that Soviet’s republics could gain independence. He opened up for more liberal ways of politics, as well as introducing new economic reforms; glasnost and perestroika.